ANTI-AI ARCHIVE / RESEARCH GUIDES GUIDE REVISED 2026-10-07
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ANTI-AI ARCHIVE GUIDE
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Starting with artistic practice, works and authorship, examine who may use creative work or replicate voices and likenesses, who sets the rules for tools and platforms, and how workers refuse, negotiate permission and receive compensation. This topic brings AI art research, anti-AI events and creative labour into one reading path while retaining differences between places, industries, demands and evidence.
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Culture & Governance 66 / 66 Study AI art, authorship and cultural governance through anti-AI movements, creative labour, platform rules, consent and compensation, alongside eight independent art-history research references.
Explore 8 core research references — Culture & Governance Starting with artistic practice, works and authorship, examine who may use creative work or replicate voices and likenesses, who sets the rules for tools and platforms, and how workers refuse, negotiate permission and receive compensation. This topic brings AI art research, anti-AI events and creative labour into one reading path while retaining differences between places, industries, demands and evidence. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read Culture & Governance — AI art: a guide to practice, authorship and controversy A search for “AI art” may be a search for works, tools, history or criticism. This archive addresses art-historical questions: how artificial intelligence enters artistic production and display, how practitioners describe their work, and how positions on labour, permission and artistic value take shape. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read AI art: a guide to practice, authorship and controversy — What does AI art refer to? Research needs to identify the particular practice rather than group everything that has used AI into one category. Rule-based systems devised by artists, training or adapting models, image generation, editing and curatorial selection can be examined separately. A work’s medium, production process and its maker’s account explain its relationship to AI more precisely than a single label. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read What does AI art refer to? — How can “Can AI make art?” become a research question? Break the value judgment into questions that can be investigated: who receives credit, whose labour is visible, how does a work enter a competition or exhibition, and which rules guide an institution’s response? The cases below support comparisons of award refusals, open letters, platform policies and debates over copyright scope. Recording a position is not an endorsement or a judgment on the artistic value of every AI-related work. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read How can “Can AI make art?” become a research question? — How does AI art history differ from using AI to study art history? The former studies AI-related artistic practices and their institutional, social and technical contexts. The latter uses computational methods to analyse, retrieve or attribute artworks. They may overlap, but their questions and evidence differ. This archive’s genealogy and event records primarily approach the former, reading technical accounts alongside concrete artistic actions. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read How does AI art history differ from using AI to study art history? — Generative art and AI art: rules, learning and circulation The generative-art timeline connects early computing, software art, creative coding and crypto ecosystems through artists, works, platforms and exhibitions. It distinguishes rules, learning, evolution and circulation rather than reducing the field to AI images or a handful of NFTs. Bilingual entries lead directly to original sources and related works. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read Generative art and AI art: rules, learning and circulation — What is the anti-AI movement? Demands, actions and historical evidence The anti-AI movement is not a single organisation. The label covers different forms of refusal, protest and negotiation over generative AI, including training on creative works, replication of voices and likenesses, creative labour and platform rules. Specific demands matter: opposing a particular use is different from rejecting all AI. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read What is the anti-AI movement? Demands, actions and historical evidence — Why do creators and cultural workers oppose or restrict AI? Opposition to training without permission, replication of a voice or likeness, and demands for labour protections should not be conflated with rejecting every AI tool. Begin with participants’ specific demands, then identify the model, platform, contract or institution they address. The cases below span regions and disciplines; they are comparative entry points, not a membership list for a unified movement. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read Why do creators and cultural workers oppose or restrict AI? — How can a protest or dispute be checked? Distinguish open letters, union announcements, platform responses, complaints and judgments, then compare event dates with publication dates. Allegations are not court findings; a policy commitment is not proof of implementation; a platform announcement may not establish when a protest began. Cases connect dated events, documents and original sources while retaining gaps in the record. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read How can a protest or dispute be checked? — Reading individual events as global art history Follow changes through an open letter, a platform or a form of artistic labour, or compare how consent, payment, credit and control are articulated across regions. Preserve local institutional, linguistic and media conditions in each comparison. Whether a source has been read, a historical claim independently established, and a translation human-reviewed are recorded as separate questions. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read Reading individual events as global art history — Creative labour, consent & AI rights: voice, performance and contracts AI disputes in creative labour concern particular voices, likenesses, performances and conditions of use. A starting point is to ask what a permission covers, who decides, how compensation works and whether workers can bargain. This guide places collective agreements, public hearings and a judicial case alongside one another, preserving differences between places, industries and legal relationships. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read Creative labour, consent & AI rights: voice, performance and contracts — Digital replicas and synthetic performers: what needs to be distinguished? Replicating a voice or likeness, using an existing performance for model training, and producing a synthetic performer are different activities. Identify the object, parties, agreement coverage and stated uses in each source. The archive’s SAG-AFTRA screen case connects the 2023 strike with agreement materials from 2026. These records trace changes in terms and bargaining; they do not establish identical protections for all performers. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read Digital replicas and synthetic performers: what needs to be distinguished? — From strike to agreement: distinguish announcement, ratification and implementation The 2023 screen strike and the 2024–2025 video-game performers’ strike concern separate contract negotiations. A union’s tentative-agreement announcement, member ratification and implementation should be read as distinct stages. The game case’s 2025 ratification announcement documents the union’s account of approval and the strike’s end; it does not independently establish compliance with consent and compensation requirements in every use of a replicated performance. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read From strike to agreement: distinguish announcement, ratification and implementation — Public hearings and a voice-rights case: different institutional routes The Brazilian Dublagem Viva records connect dubbing workers’ demands, delivery of a manifesto and a congressional hearing. The Beijing AI-generated voice case records a first-instance decision through judicial information materials. Public discussion is not completed legislation, and a first-instance case is not a universal rule. Comparison should preserve the demands, procedures, scope of the decision and unresolved follow-up in each record. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read Public hearings and a voice-rights case: different institutional routes — How can consent, compensation and control be researched? Ask of each source: which use does consent cover, and are training and outputs distinguished? Who grants permission and who is compensated? How are scope and duration described, and what process addresses disputes? These are comparative questions, not assumptions that every source supplies answers. Prioritise original agreements, hearing records and judicial materials, separating provisions, parties’ interpretations and evidence of implementation. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read How can consent, compensation and control be researched? 2023 Timeline Chapter 1: Ten Top Moments Chapter-based connections across art, mathematics and computation; its deep-time frame concerns generativity, not the origin of AI. Research reference · Peter Bauman · Le Random Read Timeline Chapter 1: Ten Top Moments 2023 Casey Reas on the History of Generative Art - Part 2 Mainframe-to-studio periodization, creative tools and artistic communities; recollections and market judgments remain attributed. Research reference · Peter Bauman · Le Random Read Casey Reas on the History of Generative Art - Part 2 — Artists Timeline Artists, Events and Technology offer parallel tracks; navigation and introductory text checked, embedded timelines not fully audited. Research reference · Digital Art Museum Read Artists Timeline 1990 A Selected Chronology of Computer Art: Exhibitions, Publications, and Technology Annual exhibition, publication and technology categories with dating uncertainty. Only page 1 of the 15-page scan was read; full close reading remains pending. Research reference · Copper Giloth; Lynn Pocock-Williams · Art Journal; scan hosted by Monoskop Read A Selected Chronology of Computer Art: Exhibitions, Publications, and Technology — Digital Art Oracle A reference for era navigation, search and linked sources. Hero algorithms are reimplementations, not historical works; the dynamic corpus is not fully audited. Research reference · Ludwig Vonmesser · Digital Art Oracle Read Digital Art Oracle 2025 The question of intelligence: a short history of AI art Christiane Paul distinguishes tool, medium and conceptual engagement, offering leads on agents, data politics and ecological art; this is an attributed theoretical position. Research reference · Christiane Paul · Mosaic / Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Read The question of intelligence: a short history of AI art — A Brief History of Generative Art [Text] Useful for autonomous systems and art education, with Noll/Processing naming errors and a 2015 label inconsistent with later material; use with source criticism. Research reference · Kayleen Wrigley · Studio A N F Read A Brief History of Generative Art [Text] 2023 Ten Moments in South American Generative Art History CAyC, Cordeiro, MediaLab/UnB and FILE add regional and institutional leads; pursue local primary records and do not equate all generative art with AI. Research reference · Peter Bauman · Le Random Read Ten Moments in South American Generative Art History 2023 Boris Eldagsen / PSEUDOMNESIA award-refusal intervention Research is ongoing; collected events do not constitute a complete case history. Case Read Boris Eldagsen / PSEUDOMNESIA award-refusal intervention 2023 Eldagsen issues a statement declining a Sony photography award In a statement dated April 13, Eldagsen declines the Open competition’s Creative category award and calls for discussion of boundaries between AI images and photography. Event · United Kingdom / Germany Read Eldagsen issues a statement declining a Sony photography award 2025 Christie’s / Augmented Intelligence and open letter Collected events and documents are linked in the timeline; the case history remains under research. Case Read Christie’s / Augmented Intelligence and open letter 2025 Christie’s announces the Augmented Intelligence exhibition and sale Christie’s announces an AI-art exhibition and sale from February 20 to March 5, covering varied media and creative approaches. Event · United States Read Christie’s announces the Augmented Intelligence exhibition and sale 2025 Artists’ open letter calls for cancellation of Christie’s AI auction An open letter asks Christie’s to cancel the auction, alleging that some models used copyrighted works without permission. Event · United States / Global / online Read Artists’ open letter calls for cancellation of Christie’s AI auction 2023 Zarya of the Dawn / Review of comic copyright scope Research is ongoing; collected events do not constitute a complete case history. Case Read Zarya of the Dawn / Review of comic copyright scope 2023 Copyright Office notifies a narrower Zarya registration The Copyright Office confirms protection for the author’s text and selection, coordination and arrangement of text and images, excluding Midjourney-generated images. It says a narrower certificate will be issued, retaining the effective date of 2022-09-15. Event · United States Read Copyright Office notifies a narrower Zarya registration 2024 Procreate / Statement against introducing generative AI Research is ongoing; collected events do not constitute a complete case history. Case Read Procreate / Statement against introducing generative AI 2024 Procreate Japan states it will not introduce generative AI, as quoted in reporting An official-account post embedded by GIGAZINE shows Procreate Japan communicating its no-generative-AI position on August 18. The current official site continues to state “No generative AI.” Event · Australia / Japan Read Procreate Japan states it will not introduce generative AI, as quoted in reporting 2026 Connecticut provenance duties for large generative-AI providers take effect Section 15 of Public Act 26-15 takes effect on 1 October 2026. It imposes provenance duties on covered providers of generative-AI systems with over one million monthly users that are publicly accessible for personal use by Connecticut consumers. It concerns generated or materially altered audio, images and video, subject to commercial and technical reasonableness. Case Read Connecticut provenance duties for large generative-AI providers take effect 2026 Connecticut provenance duties for large generative-AI providers take effect Section 15 of Public Act 26-15 takes effect on 1 October 2026. It imposes provenance duties on covered providers of generative-AI systems with over one million monthly users that are publicly accessible for personal use by Connecticut consumers. It concerns generated or materially altered audio, images and video, subject to commercial and technical reasonableness. Event · United States Read Connecticut provenance duties for large generative-AI providers take effect 2022 ArtStation / NoAI This batch includes platform announcements on NoAI, content filtering, and anti-scraping measures; the protest’s beginning still requires evidence. Case Read ArtStation / NoAI 2022 ArtStation introduces an optional NoAI tag ArtStation announces a NoAI tag and related terms, allowing users to tag individual works or apply it through account settings. Event · Global / online Read ArtStation introduces an optional NoAI tag 2023 ArtStation announces AI-content filters and NoAI settings for products ArtStation announces AI-content filters for its homepage, search and marketplace, and extends NoAI settings to products. Event · Global / online Read ArtStation announces AI-content filters and NoAI settings for products 2024 Statement on AI Training / Cross-disciplinary sign-on against unlicensed training Research is ongoing; collected events do not constitute a complete case history. Case Read Statement on AI Training / Cross-disciplinary sign-on against unlicensed training 2024 Statement on AI Training launches Ed Newton-Rex’s retrospective explicitly dates the open letter’s launch to October 22, 2024. It opposes unlicensed use of creative works to train generative AI, describing a threat to creators’ livelihoods. Event · Global / online / United Kingdom Read Statement on AI Training launches 2024 DACS announces support and calls for signatures DACS says it has signed the statement and invites further support. The page says participation exceeded ten thousand and calls for training to respect creators’ rights and fair remuneration. Event · Global / online / United Kingdom Read DACS announces support and calls for signatures 2024 SAG-AFTRA / Video-game performers’ labour dispute Collected events and documents are linked in the timeline; the case history remains under research. Case Read SAG-AFTRA / Video-game performers’ labour dispute 2024 SAG-AFTRA video-game performers’ strike takes effect According to SAG-AFTRA’s retrospective account, the strike against the relevant game companies took effect on July 26; AI protections for replicated performances were among the disputed bargaining issues. Event · United States Read SAG-AFTRA video-game performers’ strike takes effect 2025 SAG-AFTRA members ratify a video-game agreement and end the strike SAG-AFTRA announces that members approved the new Interactive Media Agreement with 95.04% voting in favour, ending the video-game strike that had already been suspended pending ratification. Event · United States Read SAG-AFTRA members ratify a video-game agreement and end the strike 2024 Brazil’s Dublagem Viva / Dubbing and AI regulation Collected events and documents are linked in the timeline; the case history remains under research. Case Read Brazil’s Dublagem Viva / Dubbing and AI regulation 2024 TV Cultura reports Dublagem Viva’s demands and voice actors’ statements TV Cultura reports Dublagem Viva’s call to regulate AI dubbing. Interviewed voice actors discuss jobs, payment for voices and artistic interpretation. Event · Brazil Read TV Cultura reports Dublagem Viva’s demands and voice actors’ statements 2024 Dublagem Viva manifesto delivered to the culture minister at a Chamber of Deputies meeting The Chamber's official stenographic record shows Aliel Machado presenting Brazilian dubbing workers' concerns over contracts, labour and AI, and delivering the Dublagem Viva manifesto to Culture Minister Margareth Menezes. The record explicitly notes that delivery took place. Event · Brazil Read Dublagem Viva manifesto delivered to the culture minister at a Chamber of Deputies meeting 2024 NOMORE Unauthorized Generative AI / Japanese voice actors’ video campaign Collected events and documents are linked in the timeline; the case history remains under research. Case Read NOMORE Unauthorized Generative AI / Japanese voice actors’ video campaign 2024 Japanese voice actors release NOMORE unauthorised generative AI video 0 The official site records that a voluntary group of voice actors released video 0 on October 15, opposing generation, publication or sale of their voices without permission. Event · Japan Read Japanese voice actors release NOMORE unauthorised generative AI video 0 2024 NOMORE unauthorised generative AI launches its website and video 1 The project’s NEWS page records publication of the website and video 1 on October 21. Event · Japan Read NOMORE unauthorised generative AI launches its website and video 1 2023 Glaze / Defensive tool for artists Collected events and documents are linked in the timeline; the case history remains under research. Case Read Glaze / Defensive tool for artists 2023 Glaze 0.0.1 is first released The Glaze project’s official version history dates the initial 0.0.1 release to March 15, 2023. Event · United States Read Glaze 0.0.1 is first released 2023 Nightshade / Defensive tool for creators Collected events and documents are linked in the timeline; the case history remains under research. Case Read Nightshade / Defensive tool for creators 2023 Nightshade paper is first submitted to arXiv The arXiv version history dates submission of v1 of the Nightshade paper to October 20, 2023. Event · United States Read Nightshade paper is first submitted to arXiv 2024 Nightshade becomes available to download, according to specialist reporting Artnet’s February 1 report records Nightshade’s release and availability to download on January 18. Event · United States Read Nightshade becomes available to download, according to specialist reporting 2026 IMPF and IMPEL publish principles for fair generative-AI licensing On 30 September 2026, IMPF and IMPEL proposed principles for generative-AI music licensing. They distinguish payments for past uses, training, generated outputs and future exploitation, and call for rightsholder involvement in scope and valuation. This is an industry negotiating framework, not a concluded collective licence or a statutory tariff. Case Read IMPF and IMPEL publish principles for fair generative-AI licensing 2026 IMPF and IMPEL publish principles for fair generative-AI licensing On 30 September 2026, IMPF and IMPEL proposed principles for generative-AI music licensing. They distinguish payments for past uses, training, generated outputs and future exploitation, and call for rightsholder involvement in scope and valuation. This is an industry negotiating framework, not a concluded collective licence or a statutory tariff. Event · Global Read IMPF and IMPEL publish principles for fair generative-AI licensing 2026 Third Circuit affirms the ROSS copyright and fair-use ruling In case 25-2153, the Third Circuit affirmed the copyright and fair-use ruling concerning 2,243 Westlaw headnotes. The opinion records a filing date of 29 September 2026; the court’s public list records the case on 30 September. The dispute concerns protected summaries used for a competing legal-search system. The ROSS system at issue was not generative AI. Case Read Third Circuit affirms the ROSS copyright and fair-use ruling 2026 Third Circuit affirms the ROSS copyright and fair-use ruling In case 25-2153, the Third Circuit affirmed the copyright and fair-use ruling concerning 2,243 Westlaw headnotes. The opinion records a filing date of 29 September 2026; the court’s public list records the case on 30 September. The dispute concerns protected summaries used for a competing legal-search system. The ROSS system at issue was not generative AI. Event · United States Read Third Circuit affirms the ROSS copyright and fair-use ruling 2023 SAG-AFTRA / 2023 screen strike and digital replicas This case contains three dated events; see the timeline. Original documents, parties’ responses, and subsequent developments are still being collected. Case Read SAG-AFTRA / 2023 screen strike and digital replicas 2023 SAG-AFTRA’s film and television contract strike takes effect The strike order requires covered work to stop from 00:01 Pacific Time on July 14, 2023; prohibited activity includes consenting to the creation and use of digital replicas. Event · United States Read SAG-AFTRA’s film and television contract strike takes effect 2023 SAG-AFTRA announces a tentative agreement The negotiating committee announces approval of a tentative agreement and says it includes AI-related consent and compensation protections. Event · United States Read SAG-AFTRA announces a tentative agreement 2024 Beijing AI-generated voice / Voice actor’s personality-rights case Collected events and documents are linked in the timeline; the case history remains under research. Case Read Beijing AI-generated voice / Voice actor’s personality-rights case 2024 Beijing Internet Court rules in an AI-generated voice personality-rights case According to a judicial information notice, Beijing Internet Court’s first-instance ruling found that an identifiable natural person’s voice rights could extend to the AI voice at issue. Event · China Read Beijing Internet Court rules in an AI-generated voice personality-rights case 2026 Maryland AI and deepfake identity-fraud amendments take effect SB 8 / Chapter 445, approved on 12 May 2026, takes effect on 1 October and amends Criminal Law §8-301. It brings specified AI and deepfake conduct within identity-fraud rules. The relevant prohibition requires knowing, wilful conduct and fraudulent intent, addressing harmful impersonation and specified false-record practices rather than generally banning AI art or stylistic imitation. Case Read Maryland AI and deepfake identity-fraud amendments take effect 2026 Maryland AI and deepfake identity-fraud amendments take effect SB 8 / Chapter 445, approved on 12 May 2026, takes effect on 1 October and amends Criminal Law §8-301. It brings specified AI and deepfake conduct within identity-fraud rules. The relevant prohibition requires knowing, wilful conduct and fraudulent intent, addressing harmful impersonation and specified false-record practices rather than generally banning AI art or stylistic imitation. Event · United States Read Maryland AI and deepfake identity-fraud amendments take effect — Further reading, sources & citation Eight art-history and research references covering concepts, chronology, artist testimony and South America, with annotations and reading scope. Research guide · ANTI-AI ARCHIVE Read Further reading, sources & citation 
