Introduction
Rather than first defining the essence of thought, Turing's imitation game reframes machine intelligence as a question of behavior and interaction. The master connects this operational shift with later assessments of visual generation through what systems can produce, modify and organize, rather than through a prior resolution of whether machines possess creativity.
View full image ↗Opening page of Turing’s Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950), original journal page 433, from a scanned copy hosted by the University of Toronto.
A. M. Turing / Mind · University of Toronto hosted scan · Rights in the original image and document remain with their respective holders
Source · Computing Machinery and Intelligence ↗RESEARCH ACCOUNT
Who judges a machine’s performance, and on what evidence?
ANTI-AI ARCHIVE · Revised 2026-10-02
Setting up the imitation game
Turing replaces a demand for an exhaustive definition of thinking with a game in which an interrogator judges through written exchanges. Excluding bodily appearance and voice is part of the experimental arrangement. The paper also considers digital computers, objections and learning machines; it is more than a simple certificate later called the Turing test.
Section sources: Computing Machinery and Intelligence — reproduced text
Conditions for judging creativity
For art, the relevant question includes what viewers are allowed to know, how a work is presented and who establishes the criteria. Success within a procedure does not establish human experience. This distinction helps prevent convincing output from being treated automatically as evidence of a creative subject.
Section sources: Computing Machinery and Intelligence — reproduced text
Sources for this account
Sections 1–2 and contents of the reproduced text read; originally Mind (1950). The complete transcription was not independently collated.
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Continue with a comparative question
Compare the methods, forms of control or presentation contexts of this entry and Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence proposal/workshop.
Compare the methods, forms of control or presentation contexts of this entry and SPADE paper / GauGAN demo.
Dates & version record
Date displayed for this node: 1950 · Historical date recorded for the source: 1950
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Computing Machinery and Intelligence
https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433
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Provenance, translation & verification
Timeline entry #005 · Historical node
Research materials & supplement references · 1
AI Art Genealogy Research Master · p. 5 · 005
Date as recorded: 1950
Computing Machinery and Intelligence ↗
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
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ANTI-AI ARCHIVE. Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Art-history node #005. https://salondesrefuses.cn/en/art-history/005
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