Introduction
Hummingbird connects computer-generated imagery with experimental film and museum presentation. MoMA’s work page dates it to 1967, while its 1968 screening and acquisition belong to a separate history; museum documents differ between 1967 and 1968.
RESEARCH ACCOUNT
Hummingbird: work and context
ANTI-AI ARCHIVE · Revised 2026-10-02
Work, material and process
MoMA identifies the version as a twelve-minute silent black-and-white 16 mm film transferred to video. It appeared with films by John Whitney in a 1968 computer-film programme associated with the museum’s machine exhibition. Making, screening and acquisition require separate dates.
Section sources: Hummingbird
Historical significance and questions
Editorial interpretation: the episode concerns the institutional reception of computational moving images. Retaining conflicting dates is preferable to inventing a secure first. Film and plotter drawings share computational conditions but demand different viewing durations and exhibition arrangements.
Section sources: Hummingbird
Sources for this account
Cited artist or institutional description and date read; the physical original was not examined and the system was not reconstructed.
This account expands the archive within the cited scope. Historical interpretation is not presented as the original author’s statement or as a proven causal influence. The account and translation are AI-assisted, pending independent human review. Section references identify evidence without claiming independent verification of every historical statement.
Continue with a comparative question
Compare the methods, forms of control or presentation contexts of this entry and Sine Curve Man.
Compare the methods, forms of control or presentation contexts of this entry and 9 Evenings: Theatre & Engineering.
Dates & version record
Date displayed for this node: 1967 · Historical date recorded for the source: 1967
MoMA’s work page gives 1967, while some museum labels give 1968. Ordering follows the work page pending reconciliation.
These dates refer to the historical event or recorded version, not this page’s publication date. The original date precision and unresolved questions are retained.
Original sources & further reading
These links lead to the cited paper, article, institution or conference page. External texts retain their source languages.
The cited artist or institutional record was read for the attributed work, production and exhibition information; this does not independently verify every recollection or priority claim. Historical interpretation is distinguished from the record.
Provenance, translation & verification
Archive node #228 · Work and artistic practice
Research materials & supplement references · 1
Sources for artistic practices and exhibitions (2 October 2026) · Online work or institutional record · 004
Date as recorded: 1967
Hummingbird. 1967. Directed by Charles Csuri ↗
Hummingbird. 1967. Directed by Charles Csuri
Archive account based on the listed research materials, not a full translation of the linked work. AI-assisted translation; independent human review pending.
Official material was read within the stated scope; see the source note for reading limits and outstanding checks.
Cite this node
ANTI-AI ARCHIVE. Hummingbird. Art-history node #228. https://salondesrefuses.cn/en/art-history/228
For specific historical claims, also cite the original sources above and include your access date. This account is not a full translation of the linked work.
Adjacent nodes follow chronological order; adjacency does not establish direct influence or causation.